Living on the edge: Household vulnerability to food-insecurity in the Punjab,Pakistan |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brasilia DF 70910-900, Brazil;1. African Centre for Food Security, University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Science, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;2. Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;3. Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems (SHEFS), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;4. Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria;5. Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the prevalence, sources and distribution of household vulnerability to food-insecurity in the Punjab, Pakistan. Applying a multilevel model on a large dataset of about 90,000 households, we find that the share of households at risk of becoming food-insecure (vulnerability) is higher than the share that is current food-insecure. Households in rural areas are least vulnerable. In contrast, residents of cities and urban areas experience high level of vulnerability that exceeds the average in the Punjab. The risk-induced vulnerability is higher than the structural-induced vulnerability and vulnerability to idiosyncratic shock is higher than vulnerability to covariate shocks. Findings imply that households in the Punjab are vulnerable not as a result of poor resource endowments but because of risk. The Pakistani government should go beyond mere observed food-insecurity to address the needs of the relatively larger population that is at risk of being food-insecure in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Food-insecurity Vulnerability Shocks Multilevel model Punjab Pakistan |
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