政府采购腐败的机理分析及其防范措施

本文认为,腐败是公共权力在民众与国家或官员之间委托代理运行的必然产物。在政府采购活动中,存在着"纳税人—政府—财政部门—政府采购机构—政府采购官员"这样一条长长的委托代理链,作为初始委托人的纳税人实际上没有行为能力,既不能在政府采购市场决策中签约,也不能从中直接受益,而其他委托代理人则由于利益关联会产生一系列政府采购腐败。政府采购腐败产生的根源主要是制度的缺失,也受非制度因素的影响。政府采购腐败的防范既需要政府采购制度的创新,也需要非制度措施的配合。对政府采购腐败的制度防范,一要完善采购制度,加大寻租成本,降低寻租收益,抑制寻租行为;二要建立政府采购公开制度,增加采购透明度,使政府采购行为各环节在相关法定程序及政府部门和社会的监督下进行;三要加强政府监管制度,健全政府采购招投标竞争机制。对政府采购腐败的非制度防范,一要完善政府采购相关法律体系,对政府采购的使用范围、管理权限、履约责任等政策性和技术性问题进行明确界定;二要加强政府采购人员教育工作,建立政府采购人员资格认证制度;三要努力提高各利益主体的相互监督意识,建立全方位监督体系。

Analysis of the Mechanism of Corruption in Government Procurement and Preventive Measures

Corruption in government procurement is one of the key areas of punishment on commercial corruption. In this paper, by the establishment of institutional and non-institutional corruption model, the author has analyzed the formation mechanism of corruption, and found that the root cause of corruption in the government procurement process is due to the interest-driven tendency of the principal-agent relationship in market economy. Then, in order to fundamentally solve the problem of corruption in government procurement, it not only need to conduct the institutional measures to government procurement, but need to pay more attention to the use of non-institutional measures.