土地征收中公共利益的经济学分析

研究目的：探讨土地征收中公共利益的内涵。研究方法：用经济学理论分析法律问题。研究结果：土地征收是一种建立在个人选择基础上的社会选择，是政府替代市场直接配置土地资源，但需要满足一个经济条件（市场失灵）和三个法律要件（公共利益、合理补偿和正当程序）。研究结论：土地征收中的公共利益是指卡尔多 — 希克斯效率；土地征收后提高了土地资源的配置效率，最终有可能通过加快经济发展来补偿土地被征收者的损失并改善他们的福利。

An Economic Analysis of Public Interests in Land Expropriation

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the public interests in land expropriation. Methods of economics were used to analyze legal issues involved. The results indicate that land expropriation is a social choice based on personal choices, and a substitution by government for market to directly allocate land resources, which should meet an economic condition（market failure）and three legal conditions（public interests, proper compensation, and legal procedures）. The conclusion is that public interests in land expropriation are of Kaldor-Hicks Efficiency. Land expropriation can raise allocation efficiency of land resources, which will eventually compensate the farmers for their loss and improve their welfare.