企业异质性、技术变迁与动态比较优势

运用中性技术和偏向性技术对比较优势进行理论拓展,异质性企业理论扩大了H-O模型的比较优势。与中性技术相比,偏向性技术具有扩大或缩小出口的作用;偏向于丰裕要素的技术进步有助于扩大出口;而偏向稀缺要素的技术进步不利于出口扩张。要素禀赋、企业异质性和偏向性技术进步使得一国出口产品具有锁定在密集使用丰裕要素的固化特征,难以实现比较优势的动态升级。这一结论不仅可以解释中国多年来未能实现出口产品的动态比较优势问题,也为进一步的经验验证提供理论支持。

Firms' Heterogeneity, Technological Change and Dynamic Comparative Advantage

Based on neutral and biased technological change,comparative advantage is developed to find that firms heterogeneity expands comparative advantage in H-O model,enlarges firms' productivity,average outputs and sail scales,but reduces firm amounts.Compared with neutral technology,biased technological change has expanded or reduced exports.If heterogeneous firms took abundant factor-biased technological change,their exports expanded.If firms took scarce factor-biased change,exports reduced.So factor endowment,heterogeneity and biased technological change make the country's exports locked in intensively using abundant factor,which is difficult to realize dynamic comparative advantage.This conclusion not only helps to explain the reason for China's comparative advantage,but also helps to offer theoretical supports for next empirical study.