Attainment of combined optimal lipid values and the impact of lipid medication on cardiovascular outcomes and costs in a commercially insured population in the US

Abstract

Objective: To determine factors associated with the achievement of optimal lipid values (OLVs) and subsequent impact on clinical and economic outcomes.

Methods: An observational managed care database analysis was conducted among treatment-naïve adults with elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk, ≥12 months follow-up and full lipid panel from the 1st January 2002 to the 28th February 2005. Achievement of guideline-based levels for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides was evaluated via laboratory data. Annual CV-attributable resource utilisation was assessed via medical and pharmacy claims data. Clinical and economic outcomes associated with the achievement of OLVs were assessed using multivariate regression.

Results: A total of 52,778 patients were followed for a mean (standard deviation) of 27 (10) months with 13% achieving combined OLVs at baseline and 23% after 4 years. Of patients, 69% did not initiate lipid-modifying medication. The achievement of combined OLVs reduced the risk of CV event (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.95), resource utilisation (inpatient visits: 3.36 vs. 4.41 per 100 patient years, p<0.0001; emergency department visits: 1.1 vs. 2.4 per 100 patient years, p<0.05) and costs: $703 vs. $903 per patient year, p<0.0001.

Conclusions: Simultaneous achievement of OLVs was rare in this patient population. Physicians should be encouraged to manage multiple risk factors aggressively to improve clinical and economic outcomes associated with CV disease.