从"守望相助"到"吏治应以团练为先"--由团练组织的发展演变看国家政权与基层社会的互动关系

中国传统社会中，保甲制度是国家政权对基层社会实行有效控制和管理的手段，而团练源于保甲。通过对团练组织、功能等方面发展流变的历史考察，可以看到，随着基层社会自身系统发展的趋于成熟，团练逐渐从幕后走到前台，其作用日益突出。清中后期，团练势力的崛起，使国家政权与基层社会之间的关系发生错位。

From" Defending Itself" to" Overtopping the Officials"--A Discussion of the Relationship between Government and Grass-Roots

Baojia System is the efficient way by which the government controlled the demos in ancient China, and Tuanlian was originated from it. Through the res e arch on the historical development of Tuanlian organization, this paper tries to study the following fact: with the grass-roots society tending to maturity, the function of Tuanlian organization became from strength to strength. Finally, th e relationship between government and grass-roots was unbalanced in Late Qing Dy nasty.