国家级节水政策的量化评价及优化路径探析

基于PMC指数模型和文本挖掘技术构建节水政策评价体系,对我国6项典型国家级节水政策进行量化评价。结果表明,现行的国家级节水政策整体设计优秀,有一项政策评级达到完美,3项政策评级为优秀,2项政策评级为良好。我国节水政策在政策功能、持续效力、作用层面和市场机制4个方面仍存在可改进之处。在此基础上对节水政策提出充分发挥政策功能、推动权责向基层下沉、加快完善市场机制、有机结合长中短期规划4项优化建议。

Quantitative evaluation and optimization path of national water-saving policies in China

Based on the PMC-index model and the text mining technology, an evaluation system of water-saving policy is established to conduct quantitative evaluation on six typical national water-saving policies in China. The results show that the overall design of the current water-saving policies is excellent, with one policy rated as perfect, three policies excellent and two policies good. The water-saving policies can be improved in four aspects of policy function, continuous effectiveness, action level and market mechanism. On this basis, four optimization suggestions for the water-saving policies are put forward, including giving full play to function of policies, promoting the sinking of power and responsibility to the grassroots, accelerating the improvement of the market mechanism and combining the long-, medium- and short-term planning organically.