成本收益视角下中国设施蔬菜生产效率研究以黄瓜、番茄栽培为例

目的 文章以番茄与黄瓜为例,以设施、露地蔬菜栽培宏微观数据为支撑,以纬度和降雨为划分区域依据,从成本收益及效率评价视角出发,回答中国设施农业发展方向的问题。方法 运用比较分析以及SFA-Malmquist方法,测算与拆解全要素生产率指标。结果 （1）从中国设施现状来看：中国设施蔬菜具“高产量、高收益、高价格”的“三高”优势和“收益率优势不显著、劳动生产率低”的“双重”劣势;中国设施蔬菜产业仍属“劳动密集型”产业;设施蔬菜经济投入相对较高,影响设施蔬菜的竞争力水平。（2）从设施栽培全要素生产率来看：中国设施农业全要素生产率稳定增长,但生产效率徘徊不前,栽培品种间、区域间全要素生产率增长的主要驱动因素不同。（3）对比设施和露地效率：全要素生产率的变动基本一致;生产效率表现为“设施>露地”,露地栽培种间效率差异大;技术进步增长表现为“设施<露地”,区域特征显著。结论 中国设施蔬菜全要素生产率稳定递增,属于“技术进步诱导+技术效率推动”的增长模式。

RESEARCH ON CHINA'S FACILITY CULTIVATION EFFICIENCY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COST BENEFITTAKING CUCUMBER AND TOMATO CULTIVATION AS AN EXAMPLE

Taking tomatoes and cucumbers as examples, supported by macro and micro data of facility and open field vegetable cultivation, based on latitude and rainfall as the division of regions, this article answers questions about the development direction of China''s facility agriculture from the perspective of cost-benefit and efficiency evaluation.Using comparative analysis and SFA-Malmquist method, this research measured and disassembled the Total Factor Productivity index. The results were showed as follows. (1) From the perspective of the current situation of China''s facilities: China''s facility vegetables had the "Three Highs" advantages of "High Yield, High Yield, and High Price", and the "Double" disadvantage of "Insignificant Profitability Advantage and Low Labor Productivity" from the perspective of economic benefits. From the perspective of cost structure, China''s facility vegetable industry was still a "labor-intensive" industry. From the perspective of various cost indicators, the economic investment of facility vegetables was relatively high, which affected the competitiveness of facility vegetables.(2) From the perspective of facility cultivation total factor productivity, China''s facility agriculture total factor productivity had grown steadily, but production efficiency had stagnated, and the main driving factors for total factor productivity growth were different between cultivars and regions.(3) Comparing facilities and open field efficiency, the change of total factor productivity was basically the same; production efficiency was shown as "facility>open-field", and there was a big difference in efficiency between open-field cultivation species; technological progress growth was shown as "facility<open-field", with significant regional characteristics.It concludes that the total factor productivity of China''s facility vegetables is increasing steadily, which belongs to the growth model of "induction of technological progress + promotion of technological efficiency".