发展型网络国家何以跨越科技成果转化的“死亡之谷”——美国先进制造产业联盟解读

颠覆性创新是战后美国走上世界科技强国的重要源泉，但在金融资本介入下，美国形成政府资助的基础研究与产业界资助的应用研究之间的“死亡之谷”。40年间，美国在跨越科技成果转化的“死亡之谷”过程中进行了一系列努力，运用了多种政策工具。2008年金融危机爆发凸显美国由于制造业空心化导致的“死亡之谷”困境，先进制造计划成为美国克服危机、重塑“美国优先”的战略决策。美国先进制造战略部署是美国发展型网络国家的典型案例，基于发展型网络国家理论视角，深入剖析美国先进制造计划的顶层设计、组织部署和运行机制，发现美国力图通过自上而下的战略愿景压力和自下而上的技术选择推力，共同促进新的创新生态形成，最终形成变革性力量，跨越“死亡之谷”。

How can Developmental Network Countries Cross the"Valley of Death"in Science and Technology Transformation:an Interpretation of the U.S.Advanced Manufacturing Industry Alliance

It is the disruptive innovation that promote the United States to become the world’s leading scientific and technological power.However, under the intervention of financial capital, the United States has suffered “valley of death” between the basic research and the applied research.For the past 40 years, the USA has always tried to cross the valley with a range of policy tools.In 2008, the financial crisis exposed the dilemma caused by the hollowing out of manufacturing industry.The strategy of advanced manufacturing was made to overcome the crisis and reshape the “America First”.The Advance Manufacturing Strategy embodies the America as developmental country with networking pattern.With this theoretical perspective, this paper deeply analyzes the top-level design, organizational deployment, and operational mechanism of the Advanced Manufacturing Plan.It is the pressure from strategic vision and the driving force from technological selection that together contribute to the new innovation ecology, and finally, the transforming power is forged.