从中美知识产权争端看“特别301”条款的实质

“特别301”条款是用于保障美国的知识产权在外国得到有效保护．保障依赖于知识产权保护的美国人公平和平等地进入外国市场的。在“‘特别301’条款年度审查报告”中,美国的贸易代表曾多次指出,中国的国内市场仿冒和盗版问题十分严重,给美国企业、个人带来巨额经济损失。特别是,近年来美中贸易赤字不断增加,已逾千亿美元,因此知识产权的有效保护成为美国扭转对外贸易状况的关键。本文以对“特别301”条款的实体内容及适用程序的介绍为基础,以中美知识产权谈判为具体案例,深刻剖析“特别301”条款的实质。

On the nature of the "Super 301" in the light of Sino-U.S. IPR disputes

"Special 301"term is used to guarantee the effective protection of American intellectual property rights (Hereinafter called "IPRs") and Americans' fair and equal access to the foreign market, who depend largely on IPRs. In the "Annual survey report of ' special 301' term", American trade representative has pointed out many times that, piracy is becoming increasingly severe in China's domestic market, which incurs the enormous loss of American enterprises and individuals. In particular, the trade deficit between China and the U.S. is dramatically increasing to more than $ 100 billion. As a result, the effective protection of IPRs stands at the core of the improvement of American trade situation. The paper analyses thoroughly the essence of IPRs through Sino-America IPRs negotiations as well as the introduction of the content and procedures of "special 301" term.