水银行应用研究进展

根据国内外相关文献,参考国外已建私人型和公共型,主动式和被动式,永久型、临时型、期权合约型等水银行,现货交易和水权衍生物交易等交易方式,从水银行的概念及作用、交易类型、机制、定价、实施保障方面对水银行的应用趋势和在我国应用中出现的问题进行归纳总结,结果表明,水银行可缓解水资源短缺的矛盾,实现低价值向高价值使用方式的转移,提升水资源配置的效率,节约水资源,降低交易成本。对比水银行应用的国际经验,认为我国水银行应用已具备基础,但在制度设计、人才培养、技术革新上仍需努力。

Research progress of applications of water banks

Based on the worldwide literatures, the following aspects of water banks are reviewed: the role and the concept, the types(private and public, active and passive, permanent, temporary and option contract), the trading modes(spot trading and water right derivative trading), the trading mechanism, the transaction pricing and the safeguard measures. The application trend of water banks and the existing problems in their application in China are summarized. The results show that the water bank can mitigate the contradiction of water scarcity, realize the transfer of water from low-value area to high-value one, improve the efficiency of water allocation, save water and reduce the transaction costs. Comparison of international experience from applications of water banks indicates that the application of water banks in China has certain basis, but more efforts should put into the mechanism design, personnel training and technical innovation of water banks.