公用事业产品定价的市场机制与政府规制

城市公用事业是典型的垄断性产业,通过城市公用事业地域与网络垄断性、外部性、公益与营利双重性分析,论证了政府价格规制之必要。其次分析了以新古典经济学和凯恩斯经济学作为逻辑理论基础的西方国家城市公用事业价格规制,及其逐步形成的公共利益理论、俘获理论、寻租理论以及放松规制乃至取消规制的演化过程。最后深入剖析我国城市公用事业存在的规制单一、价格倒逼、补偿缺位,监管虚设等问题,继而提出了强化市场定价、设计经济杠杆、完善社会监督、加强政府监管、构建价格体系等政策建议,以期实现政府规制与市场化融合,提升规制的公平、公正与效能。

Market mechanism and government regulation of public utilities pricing

Urban public utilities belong to the typical monopoly industry.By analyzing the regional and network monopoly,externalities,duality of public welfare and for-profit,this article demonstrates the need of government price regulation.Then,the article analyzes the evolution of the western price control theory of urban public utilities which is based on the new classical economics and Keynesian economics as its logical theory,and which gradually formed the public interest theory,captured theory,the rent-seeking theory,as well as deregulation.Finally,the article discusses the existent problems of urban public utilities such as single regulation,the price forced,absence of compensation,regulation dummy,and then proposes suggestions of strengthening the market targeted pricing,designing economic leverage,improving social supervision,strengthening government regulation,and building price system,in order to achieve the integration of marketing and government regulation,reinforce the role of market competition mechanism,and improve the fair,justice and performance of government regulation.