人口老龄化、社会保障与人力资本投资

本文以我国养老保险的"统账结合"模式为例,探讨了社会保障制度对人口老龄化和人力资本投资的影响。根据本文的推导和验证,增加"统账结合"模式中个人账户的比例,将会对居民的人力资本投资产生一定的激励作用,并延缓其退出劳动力市场的时间,从而缓解人口老龄化对经济和社会发展带来的压力。另外,本文还在"统账结合"模型下,分析了人力资本投资与退休的关系,结果发现,增加人力资本投资,可以延长居民的劳动参与时间。由此,我国的社会保障制度应该在以下两个方面进行改革:适当增加"统账结合"模式中个人承担的比例;加快农村的社会保障体系建设,促进覆盖全国的社会保障体系的形成。

Social Security, Aging and Human Capital Investment

Based on"social pooling and individual account combination"mode,this paper analyses the impacts on investment of human capital and aging of the social security.By this model,the article analyzes how the change in rate of personal account influences the investment and retirement of resident.The result shows that the increase in the rate of personal account will encourage the investment in human capital and delay the retirement of resident,so the negative effect of aging on the development of economy and society.In addition,this article also explores the relation between human capital investment and retirement.The finding is increase in human capital investment could prolong the working time in a person's lifetime.According to our outcomes,China should carry on the following reforms:proper to increase proportion of personal account on the social security mode of "social pooling and individual account combination";set up the national social security system.