青藏铁路对西藏旅游业可持续发展的影响及其对策

在众多的旅游研究成果中,对旅游发展与交通相互作用及影响的研究相对缺乏,已有的工作也多宏观和粗线条,缺乏深度和系统研究。特别是对于改善区域旅游可进入性的大型交通设施对区域旅游业发展带来的整体性影响,国内外都鲜有系统研究。青藏铁路在改善西藏交通结构、降低社会经济发展成本、密切与内地联系、促进全面发展的同时,对旅游业也将产生重要和积极的作用。它具有极大地促进旅游资源开发、降低进入门槛,拓展游客市场;调整并优化内部原有旅游开发格局,促生新的旅游目的地,丰富旅游的产品体系;推进旅游经济跨越式发展;扩大旅游的影响等诸多作用。但青藏铁路的建成对西藏旅游业的发展也将带来诸多不确定的消极影响。如快速发展的大众游客对脆弱生态环境和民族文化生态可能带来的压力和挑战、进入性改善可能对雪域高原和藏传佛教的神秘感和敬畏感的降低、部分原有旅游热点线路或地区有可能沦落为“被旅游遗忘的角落”,从而造成旅游资源开发的重复浪费等。最后针对西藏旅游发展提出了一体化战略、保护性开发战略、差异性开发战略及战略等对策。

THE IMPACTS OF QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY TO TIBET TOURISM SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MEASURES

In the many study fruits,the study on the connection between tourism and transportation is very little.The present study is macroscopical and superficial and short of depth and system study.Especially great transportation establishments impacts on improving area tourism development is lack of system study domestic and abroad.Qinghai-Tibet Railway could not only improve Tibet transportation and reduce the cost of Tibet economy development but also bring important and active effect to Tibet tourism.It has many effects such as accelerating the exploitation of the Tibet tourism resources,making it easy going to Tibet,spreading out Tibet tourist market,adjusting and optimizing Tibet tourism development structure,promoting new tourism destination,enriching Tibet tourism production system,pushing Tibet tourism economy development fast,extending Tibet tourism impact.But Qinghai-Tibet Railway also brings some uncertain negative impacts such as the pressure and challenge to Tibet fragile ecology environment and national culture brought about by mass tourists,reducing the mysticism and fear to altiplano and Tibet Buddhism when it is easy going to Tibet,making some tourism resources wasted when tourism line or area is left.The article brings forward many countermeasures such as incorporated stratagem,protected exploitation stratagem,different exploitation stratagem,in fair weather prepare for foul.