意大利公共养老金制度发展和改革研究

经历了私有属性的养老金制度的前期发展以后,意大利建立了主导性的以职业分割的卑斯麦式的公共养老金体系。待遇和缴费层面上的权利义务不对等,经济人口发展的不利因素以及国内国际的政治金融多重压力促使意大利开始改革公共养老金体系,恢复公共财政的可持续发展。意大利的公共养老金改革不仅建立了待遇和缴费的对应关系,也扩大了养老金的福利融资渠道并鼓励了私有属性的公共体系外养老金制度的发展。另外,发展阶段针对非雇佣关系或自雇业者的公共养老金体系的非政府的管理方式在改革中得到了保留。发展与改革阶段的一系列举措深刻的影响和塑造了意大利公共养老金制度的现有功能和形态,对于正处在发展改革过程中各国的公共养老金制度建设也是重要的启示。

The Study of Development and Reform of Public Pension in Italy

After private pre-development of pension,Italy constructed dominated Bismarck-style public pension systems in terms of professional segregation.Italy initiated public pension reform to maintain public financial sustainability due to the inconsistent relationship between benefit and contribution,the negative factors in the development of economic demography and the political,financial press domestically and internationally.Italy’ s public pension reform not only set up consistent relationship between benefit and contribution but also built up more welfare financing methods and encouraged private pension development.With refer to the self-employed,the non-governmental management of public pension ran across the development and reform period.The Italy’s reform methods which deeply influenced and reshaped the present function and form of public pension will be an important enlightenment to the development and reform of public pension for other countries.