旅游地生态补偿空间选择研究——以云南省玉龙县为例

生态补偿对象的空间选择是建立和完善生态补偿机制的核心问题,能够有助于提高生态补偿的效率与合理程度。以位于长江中上游生态脆弱区、旅游业发展迅速的玉龙县作为实证研究区,以社区居民为补偿对象,以不同乡镇为空间单元,以单位土地的机会成本、游憩功能价值以及生态服务功能为标准载体,构建了旅游地生态补偿空间选择模型,对研究区内各空间单元的补偿标准划分进行了研究。研究结果表明,依据人均补偿标准,可将其划分为优先补偿区、次级补偿区、中等补偿区、临界补偿区与潜在补偿区5个等级,如果将优先补偿区、次级补偿区与中等补偿区作为补偿的主要区域,补偿面积覆盖总补偿区面积的51.3%,补偿人口覆盖总人口的49.8%。根据该模型科学确定旅游地区域间生态补偿的空间分配标准,能够充分体现社区居民平等的生存权、环境权和发展权,通过补偿资金的再分配解决部分没有机会或能力直接参与旅游业的社区居民在分配中获益极少的问题,促进社区居民在旅游业发展与生态保护中的参与程度。

Spatial Selection Research of Tourism Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Yulong County,Yunnan Province

The spatial selection of ecological compensation objects is a core issue into establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism, that is, to improve its efficiency and fairness. With fragile ecology in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and rapid tourism development, Yulong county is taken as an empirical research area, different towns as spatial units, community residents as the compensation objects, and the opportunity cost, recreation functional value and ecological service value per unit of land as standard carriers. We have subsequently built the spatial selection model of tourism ecological compensation and studied the compensation distribution standards in each spatial unit in the research area. The results show that, according to compensation per capita, the research area can be divided into priority area, secondary area, moderate area, threshold area and potential area. The first three areas together are considered as the main compensation areas, as they account for 51.3% of the total area, and the corresponding population takes up 49.8% of the total. In both home and a broad ecological compensation cases, the government stands as the main subject of ecological compensation and funds the bearer. However, the current economic development and ecological compensation practice make the Chinese government unable to ensure adequate funding to fully compensate all objects. With the help of spatial selection research, different areas can be labeled with different grades,indicating different levels of compensation, so that limited funds can be made use of with greater efficiency. As can be seen from the calculation process, from the perspective of the right and ability of tourism participation, the spatial selection of tourism ecological compensation makes quantitative and explicit both the loss of the local residents and their deserved benefits from tourism development, via the ecological compensation standards. Therefore, the calculation of different standards among different regions by the a