美国公共服务民营化的实践与战略演变

从20世纪80年代以来，美国和许多其他西方国家一样，对公共服务的供给和生产进行了民营化改革，并且在运用民营化的战略和方法方面具有了相当成熟的经验。基于此，本文比较系统地考察了近三十年来美国地方政府的各种民营化措施以及作为民营化主要形式的服务外包方式的演进，并探讨了公共服务外包管理艺术的发展，以期获得某些经验性的结论和启示。

Privatization of Public Service in the USA: Evolution of Practices and Strategies

Since the 1980s, the USA, like many Western countries, has been privatizing the public service delivery and has gained some experience in the strategies for and practices of privatization. Based on the above, the paper systematically reviews the various measures of privatization in American local government during the past thirty years, and the evolution of contracting out--the major practice of privatization. Then it explores the evolving administrative art of contracting out of public service and tries to obtain some enlightenment.