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Secured and unsecured debt in creditor-friendly bankruptcy
Affiliation:1. Central Bank of Chile, Agustinas 118, 8340454 Santiago, Chile;2. Hunter College & Graduate Center, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York NY 10065, United States;1. Department of Finance, NUS Business School, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, BIZ 1 #7-63, 119245, Singapore;2. Department of Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China;3. Division of Accounting, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;1. Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University, Pilestredet 46, Oslo 0130, Norway;2. School of Accountancy, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;3. Faculty of Business and Economics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;4. The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø N-9019, Norway;5. College of Business and Economics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Abstract:This article develops a continuous-time asset pricing model for valuing corporate securities in the presence of both secured and unsecured debt. We consider a framework where creditors dominate the negotiation process. This is consistent with the increasing influence of creditors in bankruptcy. We show that the unsecured creditors are incentivized to liquidate the firm prematurely relative to the first-best threshold. However, if the firm’s liquidation value is very low, it should complement its secured debt with unsecured debt as a form of insurance to avoid early liquidations. Our results have important implications for the debt structure and the resolution of financial distress of modern firms with substantial intangible assets.
Keywords:Bankruptcy  Intangible assets  Premature liquidation  Risky debt pricing  Secured debt  Strategic creditors  Unsecured debt
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