中美航空运输市场客源流失研究

在百慕大II型航空运输协定框架下,两国间航空运输业务受到始发国和目的国监管部门在市场准入、指定航空公司数量、运力水平、运价管制和代码共享安排等方面的严格管制。然而,一些旅客会通过经第三国(地区)中转的方式前往目的地,导致双边航空运输市场的客源流失现象。由于日本、韩国、香港、新加坡、台湾等国家和地区均与美国签订了"开放天空"协定或是自由化水平较高的双边航空运输协定,大量中美航空运输市场的客源流失到周边国家(地区)和美国间的双边航空运输市场。本文分析了中美航空运输市场客源流失的规模及其主要原因,指出中美航空运输协定历次修订所增加的运力配额有效地降低了中美航空运输市场客源流失的程度。

An Analysis of Passenger Loss in China-US Air Service Market

Under the Bumuda II Style Air Service Agreements(ASAs),passenger air traffics between 2 countries are strictly regulated by regulating bodies of both originating and destination countries.With the fast development of open sky arrangements,this approach is challenged as passenger traffics will diverse to the third country that signs open sky agreements with an originating or destination country.That is the scenario for the China-US air market.As many countries or areas like Korea,Japan,and Hong Kong,have signed open sky or more liberal agreements with US,it is attractive for many passengers to fly between China and US via those countries or areas.It means passenger losses for designated carriers of the China-US air market.This paper tries to identify the extent and main causes for passenger losses in the China-US air market.It argues that several past amendments of ChinaUS ASA that increased flights quotas for designated carriers have effectively lowered the extent of passenger losses of the China-US air market,as those amendments significantly increased capacity of market concerned.