外部集聚经济、外资溢出效应与制造业企业效率

企业生产效率不仅决定于企业特性,企业的外部环境也至关重要。本文研究外部集聚经济和外资溢出效应对企业生产效率的影响。本文采用各省市区销售收入前五十名的大型工业企业中的制造业企业数据,研究发现,在控制了包括企业人均资产、企业规模以及企业性质和产业特定因素之后,企业所属产业在空间上越集中、所在城市人口密度越高以及外资企业产值比重越高,企业的生产效率也越高,说明地方化经济、城市化经济以及外资企业的溢出效应可能提升企业的生产效率。外部经济对企业效率的影响也可以一定程度上解释企业的空间迁移行为,因为企业倾向于迁移到外部环境有利的地方。

Agglomeration Economies, FDI Spillovers and Enterprise Productivity

This article tests the significance of agglomeration economies and FDI spillovers to the productivity improvement of selected large manufacturing enterprises in China. Based upon information on the 50 largest industrial enterprises in terms of sales revenues in each province in 2000, this study confirms the argument that agglomeration economies could positively contribute to the production efficiency of large manufacturing enterprises. A large enterprise has higher sales revenue per employee if it is located in a large city with strong presence of foreign enterprises. A large enterprise also performs better if it belongs to a highly geographically concentrated industry. This result indicates that the production efficiency of the large manufacturing enterprises is not only determined by the firm level factors but also by the location factors. The result could shed some light on the firm migration issue.