西南地区水贫困测度和空间格局分析以重庆市为例

目的 通过对重庆市的水贫困进行测度和空间格局分析,为解决西南地区水贫困及水资源短缺问题找到了新的途径和思路。方法 文章采用主客观综合赋权法,从资源、设施、能力、使用和环境五方面确定22个指标构建重庆市水贫困测度指标体系,对重庆市水贫困进行测度,并利用GIS软件,依据自然断裂点法,对重庆市的水贫困进行空间格局分析,将其划分为高水贫困区、较高水贫困区、中水贫困区、较低水贫困区、低水贫困区5个差异区域,同时利用GeoDa软件对水贫困测度结果进行空间自相关分析。结果 （1）重庆市水贫困资源系统和使用系统指数等级偏高区域主要分布在渝东北、渝西和主城等经济相对较为发达、人口密集的区县,设施系统和能力系统指数等级偏高区域主要分布在渝东北和渝东南等社会经济水平较低的地区,环境系统指数等级偏高区域主要分布在经济水平相对较高且农业较为发达的地区。（2）重庆市水贫困分布呈两头小中间大的“椭球状”结构,高水贫困区、较低水贫困区、低水贫困区占比较少,较高水贫困区、中水贫困区占比较多。不同的水贫困区存在不同的问题和成因,需根据不同水贫困特征采取不同的解决措施,综合治理重庆市的水贫困问题。（3）重庆市水贫困空间集聚特征明显,低低集聚区主要分布在主城的渝中区、江北区、南岸区、巴南区和沙坪坝区,低值区分布较集中,高值区分布较零散,无高高集聚区。结论 重庆市水贫困空间分布差异明显,不同的水贫困区存在不同的问题和成因,可从以分别对各区域水贫困进行治理。

MEASUREMENT AND SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS OF WATER POVERTY IN SOUTH WEST CHINAA CASE STUDY OF CHONGQING MUNICIPALITY

Based on the statistical yearbook, water resources bulletin and soil and water conservation bulletin of Chongqing in 2016, as well as the third-party evaluation and investigation data of precise poverty alleviation, this paper adopted the subjective and objective comprehensive empowerment method to construct the index system of water poverty measurement in Chongqing, and measured water poverty in Chongqing, and used GIS software, according to the natural fracture point method, to measure Chongqing''s water poverty. The spatial pattern of urban water poverty was divided and the mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The index grade of water poverty resource system and utilization system in Chongqing was higher mainly in the relatively developed and densely populated districts and counties in northeast, west and main urban area of Chongqing, while the index grade of facilities system and capacity system was higher mainly in the areas with lower social and economic level such as northeast and southeast of Chongqing. The higher grade of environmental system index is mainly distributed in the areas with relatively high economic level and relatively developed agriculture. (2) The distribution of water poverty in Chongqing could be likened to an "ellipsoid" structure with two small ends and a large middle. The proportion of high-water poverty areas, low-water poverty areas and low-water poverty areas was relatively small, while the proportion of high-water poverty areas and medium-water poverty areas was relatively large. Through spatial analysis of the five subsystems and general systems of water poverty in Chongqing, it was found that different water poverty areas had different problems and causes, and different solutions should be taken according to characteristics of water poverty to comprehensively control water poverty in Chongqing. (3) The spatial agglomeration characteristics of water poverty in Chongqing were obvious. The low and low concentration areas were mainly distributed in Yuzhong district, Jiangbei district, Nan''an district, Banan district and Shapingba district of the main city. The low value areas are concentrated, the high value areas are scattered, and there is no high and high concentration area.In summary, there are obvious differences in the spatial distribution of water poverty in Chongqing. Different water poverty areas have different problems and causes, so different solutions should be taken according to characteristics of water poverty to comprehensively control water poverty in Chongqing.