秦巴山区不同类型贫困户易地搬迁意愿及影响因素研究基于重庆418户农户调查

目的 通过对重庆秦巴山区贫困农户的调研，分析秦巴山区不同类型贫困农户的易地扶贫搬迁意愿及影响因素，找出影响贫困农户搬迁的关键因子，为助推脱贫攻坚提供科学决策依据。方法 文章运用二元Logistic回归模型，选取23个指标构建影响因素评价指标体系，并运用主成分分析法提取13个主要因子，分析主要因子对不同类型贫困农户的易地搬迁意愿影响因素。结果 贫困农户搬迁意愿较强，但不同类型贫困户的搬迁意愿具有明显差异，低保兜底型贫困户>非农型贫困户>兼业型贫困户>务农型贫困户；在影响因素方面，家庭人口数量、医疗教育负担、住房结构、搬迁政策认知情况是影响贫困农户搬迁意愿的共同因素；人均耕地面积、家庭年人均纯收入、耕作半径、耕地是否流转是务农型贫困户的差异性因素，年龄、非农劳动力比重、距离村干道距离是非农型贫困户的差异性因素，家庭年人均纯收入、耕地是否流转以及住房结构是兼业型贫困户的差异性因素，人均耕地面积、人均住房面积和搬迁方式满意情况是低保兜底型贫困户的差异性因素。结论 不同类型贫困农户易地搬迁意愿及影响因素具有显著差异，政府应该在充分尊重农户意愿的基础上推进易地扶贫搬迁工作，并构建一套长效稳定增收机制。

STUDY ON THE WILLINGNESS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF POOR FARMERS TO RELOCATE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN QINBA MOUNTAIN AREAAN INVESTIGATION BASED ON 418 POOR FARMERS IN CHONGQING

Through the survey and interview on poor farmers in Qinba mountain area of Chongqing, this study aims to analyze the willingness and ininfluencing factors of different types of poor households, find out the key factors that affects the relocation of poor farmers, which can provide scientific support to the decision-making on promoting poverty alleviation. Based on the Binary Logistic Regression Model, 23 indices were selected to construct the evaluation system of influencing factors. In addition, 13 major factors were extracted by Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the impact of each factor on the will of different types of poor farmers. The results showed that poor farmers had strong willingness to move, but there were still significant differences among different types of poor households: poor households with low-income insurance had strongest willingness, followed by non-agricultural poor households, part-time business poor households and farming poor households. The common divers of the willingness included family population, medical and educational burden, housing structure and the cognition of relocation policy. However, the difference factors of the poor farmers for different kinds of poor households were various: per capita area of cultivated land, annual per capita net income, farming radius and whether the cultivated land could be transferred for rural poor households; age, the proportion of non-agricultural labor force and the distance from the main roads for non-agricultural poor households; annual per capita net income, whether the cultivated land could be transferred and the housing structure for the poor households with part-time business; per capita area cultivated land area, per capita housing area and the satisfaction of the way of moving for the poor households with low-income insurance. In conclusion, there are significant differences in the willingness and influencing factors of different types of poverty-stricken farmers to relocate. Governments should promote the relocation of poor farmers with fully respecting the willingness of farmers, and build a long-term and stable income increase mechanism.