基于环境成本的比较优势理论及政策启示

在李嘉图模型中,将环境成本用追加的劳动投入来衡量,发现环保技术及环境成本对比较优势格局的修正.在H-O模型中,假定环境作为一种生产要素,则所形成的比较优势建立在包含环境资源真实价格的基础之上.社会环境成本与企业环境成本的差额,使"显示的比较优势"有可能偏离真实的比较优势,从而损害效率与公平.因此,要鼓励清洁技术创新,并通过制度变革来推进环境成本内部化.

Comparative Advantage Theory and Policy Suggestion Based on Environmental Cost

In the Ricardo Model,the environmental cost is measured by additional labor input,and environmental technology and cost correct the traditional pattern of comparative advantage.In the H-O Model,the environment is assumed to be a kind of productive factor,thus the comparative advantage based on real environmental price is studied.The differentiation between social environmental cost and private one could make the manifested comparative advantage separated from the true one.The above theories provide some suggestions to developing countries: the comparative advantage based on lower environmental cost may harm efficiency and equality.So it's essential to encourage technological innovation on cleaner production and environmental cost internalization by institutional evolution.