单一货币、运费和汇率对国际贸易合约的影响

当合约经济学的理论应用于分析国际贸易问题时,较多的是关注合约行为宏观层面的影响。合约行为对国际贸易微观层面影响的研究则具有一定新意。当国际贸易发生在共同货币区内的进出口双方之间时,因使用单一货币且运杂费较低,合约行为和国内交易行为没有显著差异。如果考虑运杂费和其他汇率因素后,会因为向第三方分配剩余以及汇率波动引起出口方对进口方类型评价的变化导致合约的最优质量水平产生变化。运杂费恶化了合约条款而汇率波动的影响则不确定。

On the Effects of Single Currency,Freight and Exchange Rate on International Trade Contract

When the theories of contract economics are applied to analyze the problems of international trade,more attention is paid to the macroscopic effects of contract behaviors.Thus the research of the effects of reasonable behaviors on the microscopic level of international trade may have some innovation.When international trade occurs between the two parties of import and export within the common monetary area,there is no obvious difference between the contract behaviors and the internal trade behaviors,for the single currency is used and the freight is rather cheaper.If considering the transportation costs and other costs as well as exchange rate and other factors,the best quality level of the contract will be changed,which is resulted from the distribution of the surplus to a third party and changes of evaluation on the type of the importer by the exporter due to exchange rate fluctuation.Generally,transportation and other costs will worsen the contract condition while the effects of exchange fluctuation are uncertain.