战略性国际贸易理论评介

在过去几十年中，世界上出现了一些具有深远影响力的国际贸易理论，这些理论通常被划分为传统的理论和现代的理论。其中传统理论的代表有：Adam Smith提出的“绝对优势理论”和David Ricardo提出的“相对优势理论”。传统的理论是建立在工业化生产基础而确立的，因此在当今服务贸易飞速发展的时代，已经无法充分地解释全球政治经济、国际化竞争战略和新型贸易关系等诸多问题。在这种情况下，迫切要求新的理论基础。Porter和Ohmae于20世纪90年代分别在《国家竞争优势》和《无边的世界》著作中提出了具有划时代意义的“战略性国际贸易理论”。这两种理论揭示了当代国际贸易理论研究从纯粹经济关系向政治经济和全球性战略关系的转变。

On the Strategic Theories of International Trade

Based on discussion of the failure of the traditional international trade theories-Absolute Advantage Theory and Comparative Advantage Theory-to explain the new problems arising from global political economy and international competitive strategy in an era when services trade witnesses its rapid growth, the paper touches upon two new trade theories-Strategic Trade Theories in Competitive Advantage of Nations and The Borderless World-which give elaboration of the shift of theoretic studies from revealing the pure economic relations to those of political economy and global strategy. The paper also expounds the differences and similarities, limitations as well as the inspiration of the two philosophies.