论自由市场与政府干预

自由市场存在缺陷是政府干预的主要依据和必要前提,为弥补市场缺陷和纠正市场失灵,政府在社会经济生活中扮演着公共物品提供者、负外部效应消除者、正外部效应鼓励者、收入及财富再分配者、生产秩序的维护者和宏观经济的调控者等角色,政府干预作用的强制性和规模性在纠正市场失灵上具有明显优势.但政府干预经济时存在政府干预失灵问题,可以考虑从改革公共决策体制及政治制度、限制政府干预的职权范围、加强时政府行为的监督以及在政府作为中引入市场力量等方面入手纠正和防范政府失灵.虽然市场调节和政府干预都存在内在缺陷和失灵的客观可能,但不完全市场和不完全政府的不完全结合是现代经济社会的现实选择,市场调节和政府干预有共生的关系,二者密不可分,经济制度的选择和政策的制定需在市场行为与政府干预间取得平衡.

On Free Market and Government Intervention

The imperfection of the free market is the main basis and prerequisite of government intervention.In order to remedy market failure,the government plays the roles of public goods provider,negative externality expurgator,positive externality encourager,income and wealth redistribution agency,economic order vindicator,macro economy regulator and etc.The coerciveness and large scale of government intervention have obvious advantages in redressing market failure.However,there possibly exits dysfunction in government’s economic intervention.It is suggested to correct and prevent market dysfunctions in terms of reforming the system of public decision making and political system,imposing restriction on the limits of government intervention’s functions and powers,reinforcing the supervision on the government behaviors,bringing market forces into government actions,and etc.Although there are inherent vices and failures in both market regulation and government intervention,the choice between incomplete market and incomplete government may be the reality of modern economy and society,because market regulation and government intervention coexist in modern market economy system.We should achieve balance between market regulation and government intervention when choosing economy system and formulating policies.