城市公共服务的价值估计、受益者分析和融资模式探讨

城市生活质量决定城市价值.城市政府所提供的各类公共服务,直接影响着居民在城市中生活的舒适和便利程度,关系到城市长期发展的动力.围绕此主旨,论文探讨了3个相关的问题.第一,如何估计城市公共服务这些非市场的价值;第二,这些城市公共服务的成本承担和利益享受是否匹配;第三,怎样的公共口融资模式能够使上述关系更为匹配.基于显示性偏好法中的特征价格模型,利用北京市住宅市场和土地市场的徽观和个体交易数据,实证结果表明,居民愿意为居住在地铁站、公交车站和公署周边一定范围(0.8公里)内分别支付住宅价格的17.1%、12.4%和6.4%,但是,这种价值并没有被资本化到土地价格中.这表明,居民对城市公共服务偏好的住处并没有被房地产开发企业以地价的形式传递给政府,开发企业成为实际的受益者.以房地产价值作为税基的物业税的征收使信息可以从居民直接传递至城市政府,将使城市公共服务的融资模式更为合理.

Who Benefit from and Who Pay for the Local Public Services in Chinese Cities some Policy Implications

Quality of life determines the value of a city. Public services provided by local governments have great impacts on the quality of residents' daily life, and those public services are also long-term driving forces of urban growth. This paper discusses three related issues. First, how to estimate the economic value of local public goods; Second, whether or not the current cost-benefit structure of the construction and maintenance of those public goods is a balanced one; Third, is there a better way to finance those public services. Based on revealed preference method and hedonic technique, using two micro data sets of Beijing's residential market and land market, this paper builds a hedonic price equation to estimate the values of several public goods. The results show that households' willingness-to-pay for living in the vicinity of subway stops, bus stops and large parks are 17.1%, 12.4% and 6.4% of their corresponding housing values, respectively. However, such effects are not significant in the land price hedonic equation, which may indicate that the benefits from residents' wiliness-to-pay for local public goods are captured by developers, without being further transferred to the local governments who are responsible for building and maintaining those public goods. The proposed property tax can solve this mismatch problem to a great extent.