资源禀赋对农户黑土地保护行为的影响研究

目的 国家高度重视东北黑土地保护与利用问题,明晰农户黑土地保护行为影响因素是用好养好黑土地的重要议题。文章旨在探讨资源禀赋对农户黑土地保护行为的影响,从资源禀赋视角推动农户黑土地保护行为。方法 基于黑龙江省兰西县312份经营农户调研数据,运用二元及多元有序Logistics模型,探究人力资源、自然资源、经济资源、社会资源及信息资源等资源禀赋对农户黑土地保护行为影响。结果 农户是否采用黑土地保护技术受人力资源禀赋（黑土地保护责任义务认知、黑土地保护收益预期）,自然资源禀赋（自有承包地面积、是否签订承包合同、是否转入黑土地、经营黑土地细碎化程度）,经济资源禀赋（农业收入、家庭总收入）,社会资源禀赋（是否加入合作社、是否参与土地托管）和信息资源禀赋（政府是否宣传黑土地保护政策、是否为中心村）的显著正向影响;上述因素除黑土地保护收益预期、自有承包地面积、是否转入黑土地、经营黑土地细碎化程度、农业收入、是否为中心村外均对农户黑土地保护技术采纳程度具有显著正向影响。结论 为更好地推动农户黑土地保护行为,应强化农户黑土地保护“责、权、利”认识,提高农业收益预期;进一步稳定承包权,建立健全土地经营权流转市场;因地制宜发展黑土区特色产业,切实提升农户家庭收入;支持多元主体协同发展,推进黑土地保护工程;发挥中心村信息资源优势,多渠道开展黑土地保护政策宣传。

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE ENDOWMENT ON FARMERS' BLACK LAND PROTECTION BEHAVIOR

The Chinese government places a high priority on the protection and utilization of black land in Northeast China. Therefore, clarifying the factors influencing farmers'' black land protection behavior is essential to utilize black land effectively. This article aims to explore the impact of resource endowment on farmers'' black land protection behavior and promote farmers'' black land protection behavior from the perspective of resource endowment. Based on survey data from 312 rural households engaged in agriculture in Lanxi county, Heilongjiang province, the methods of Binary Logistic Analysis and Ordered Logistic Regression Analysis were applied to demonstrate the effect of resource endowment on farmers'' black land protection behavior. The results showed that: Whether farmers adopt black land protection technology was significantly and positively influenced by human resource endowment (e.g., recognition of responsibility and obligation of black land protection, revenue expectation of black land protection), natural resource endowment (e.g., contracted land area, whether to sign a farmland contract, whether to transfer in black land, the fragmentation degree of the black land operated), economic resource endowment (e.g., agricultural income, average annual gross household income), social resource endowment (e.g., whether to join a professional farmers cooperative, whether to participate in land trusteeship), and information resource endowment (e.g., whether the government promoted the black land protection policy, whether living in central village). Except for the revenue expectation of black land protection, contracted land area, whether to transfer in black land, the fragmentation degree of black land operated, agricultural income, and whether living in central village, the factors above all had a significant positive effect on adoption degree of black land protection technology by farmers. Therefore, to better promote farmers'' black land protection behavior, it is necessary to increase farmers'' awareness of "responsibility, rights, and interests" in black land protection, enhance agricultural income expectation; stabilize land contract rights further, establish and improve the land management right transfer market; develop characteristic industries in black soil areas based on local conditions, effectively increase rural household incomes; support the coordinated development of multiple subjects, promote black land protection projects; render full play into the advantages of information resources in central villages, and undertake publicity of black land protection policies across multiple channels.