对生态补偿长效机制的思考

我国目前的生态补偿实践对地方政府和农民,尤其是地方政府,经济激励不足,相关制度的设计也不能保证他们的预期收益,社会监督的空缺增加了补偿金被挪用甚至被贪污的风险,这些弊端导致生态补偿效益短期化。通过改善相关制度设计来保证动力源的经济利益是构建生态补偿长效机制的首要措施,然而,补偿只是生态保护的＂推力＂,它的作用只是保证农民或地方政府的经济状况不倒退,而农业产业化和农村人口城镇化的＂拉力＂才是解决＂贫穷破坏与污染＂问题的长久之计,因此必须使生态补偿与促进地区经济增长有机结合起来,这才是构建生态补偿长效机制的根本之计。

Study on Long-Efficiency Mechanism of Eco-compensation

There is a lack of economic promoting to local governments and farmers from current eco-compensation programs,especially to local governments.Institutional defects result in low guarantee to expectant benefits of local governments and farmers.Possibility of embezzlement will increase because of supervision vacancy from society.All of the above problems result in short-efficiency of eco-compensation programs.So,firstly,institutions must be improved in order to guarantee the benefits of local governments and farmers.However,compensation can only ensure that economic conditions are not worse than before,so it is only the ＂push＂ to eco-compensation,and ＂pull＂ from urbanization and agro-industrialization is the long-efficiency policy to environments problems caused by poor economic conditions.Above all,the ultimately policy to eco-compensation mechanism is to combine eco-compensation mechanism with prospering local economy organically.