可持续发展能力空间结构研究的理论问题探讨

“可持续发展”与“可持续发展能力”的差异是我们经常忽略的。但一旦说到“能力”,由于可持续发展在人们心目中是一个极其复杂的系统,所以就要把经济、社会和生态与环境三个系统的能力都包括进去,于是就有了虽然可以避免偏颇但却日显庞大的用于测度的指标体系。文章认为,从哲学上看,地理环境如果离开人类的发展就没有其存在和对其进行研究的意义,经济系统的能力在三个系统中是最基本的,而经济系统的能力可以被看作为了实现可持续发展所要求的“支付能力”。根据环境经济学的原理,这个支付能力只能是政府提供“公共物品”的能力,文章进一步认为,政府的财政能力又是最基本的。在明确这个基本原理后,就可以使测度变得更容易,一是克服一个大的指标体系中本来不相关的指标的叠加,二是使其简便,三是使政策成为必然——哪些地方缺少能力和哪些地方能力相对剩余和政府应该怎样去配置能力。这就是能力的空间结构和促进空间关系发展的区域政策。

ISSUES ON CAPACITY OF SPACE-STRUCTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY

The difference in explanation of sustainable development and the capacity of sustainable development has been often overlooked. But, when we talk about the capacity of the sustainability we are sure that is a very complete system because the system include the capacity of the system of economy,of society and the system of the eco-environment. We may have a huge index system to measure and in this way we can avoid the preconception. The paper argued, by philosophy views, the geographical environment was nothing of exit if there was no the human development and the research on environment was nothing of significance. Among the three systems, economy and the capacity of development of the economy is the basic one. Economic sciences tell us, the development is also a kind of request, so the development request the capacity of payment. The economical research on environment shows the capacity is the capacity of public product of government provided only. The capacity of finance of a government (central or local) is the most mentioned. In this way, we have got the principle to measure the capacity of sustainability and an easy measure method-index system being overcome the index not be related fold up in a index system. We also can easy to get the regional policy, means, which region has been in shortage of the capacity, which region has been in surplus and how and where the government to distribute his capacity. It is the study on space structure of the capacity of sustainability and the regional policy to improve the relationship between the regions.