大数据环境下个人数据隐私治理机制研究——基于利益相关者视角

大数据环境下,个人数据在商业、公共事业及科研等领域的应用日趋频繁,隐私泄露事件发生频率与危害程度极大增高,平衡个人数据挖掘与隐私保护之间的矛盾关系是大数据发展面临的重大难题。文章应用利益相关者理论,将个人数据隐私治理过程中的利益相关者划分为个人、个人数据收集者、个人数据处理者、个人数据应用者及监督者5种角色,涉及个人、个人数据企业、政府、媒体、第三方隐私保护组织及非政府组织等6大利益主体。通过权力利益矩阵分析,将6大主体归纳为核心利益相关者、重要利益相关者、间接利益相关者及直接利益相关者4大类,并据此提出构建多元主体协同治理机制,针对核心利益相关者建立竞争性治理机制,针对直接、间接利益相关者建立激励性治理机制,发挥重要利益相关者的主导作用。希望个人数据隐私治理机制能为平衡数据挖掘和隐私保护提供参考。

Governance Mechanism on Personal Data Privacy on Context of Big Data---Based on Stakeholder Perspective

Under the context of Big Data, the use of personal data has become more frequent in the commercial, public utilities and other fields of scientific research, which leads to greatly increased the frequency and degree of harm along with privacy leak incident. Thus, how to balance the contradiction relationship between privacy protection and data mining is becoming the major problem facing the development of big data. Based on stakeholder theory, stakeholders in the personal data privacy governance process are divided into five major roles, namely individuals, personal data collectors, personal data handlers, personal data users and regulators, involving six stakeholders of personal, personal data enterprises, government, media, third-party privacy organizations and non-governmental organizations. Taking the interest demands and power into consideration, the six main stakeholders are grouped into core stakeholders, key stakeholders, indirect and direct stakeholder stakeholder. Then, a systematic and targeted privacy governance mechanism, constituting by multiple subjects collaborative governance, core stakeholders competition, direct and indirect stakeholder incentives and key stakeholders leading mechanism, is well proposed. We are hoping that this personal data privacy governance mechanisms can provide support for the theory and practice of balancing the use of personal data and privacy protection and fully min the enormous value of personal data hidden.