医疗服务价格管制与"以药养医"

近年来，我国医疗费用持续上涨，医患关系也变得更加紧张。而针对这些问题所采取的一系列改革措施并没有产生明显的效果，这主要是因为没有充分认识到医疗服务价格管制所带来的严重的负面影响。本文提供了一个用于评价医疗服务价格管制的分析框架。本文的分析表明，医疗服务价格管制会导致“以药养医”体制的形成，而且“以药养医”这一间接定价机制，通常无法使患者的效用水平达到只存在道德风险和有限责任约束时的次优水平。因此，改革目前备受非议的医疗体制，重点在于放松对医疗服务价格的管制。

Price Controls of Health Service and the System of Underpaid Doctors Compensated by the Excessive Medical Expense

In this paper we develop a framework to appraise the policies concerning price controls of health service. Firstly, we analyze the link between price controls of health service and the formation of China's health care system, in which underpaid doctors were compensated by the excessive drug and examination expense. Secondly, we argue that, in nature, the system is an indirect pricing mechanism and that this mechanism generally makes the level of utility of patients lower than the second best level of utility under moral hazard and limited liability. Finally, we provide some suggestions pertinent to the reform of China's health care system.