乡村振兴背景下互联网使用对农民创业的影响及机制研究

乡村振兴是新时代"三农"工作的总抓手,而互联网则是助力实现乡村振兴的重要抓手。文章基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据,论证了互联网使用对农民创业的影响与机制。研究发现：互联网使用与农民创业呈显著正相关;采用替代变量法进行稳健性检验及工具变量法与倾向得分匹配法处理内生性问题之后,互联网使用依然具有"创业效应";机制分析表明,信息渠道效应、社会资本效应与风险偏好效应是互联网使用影响农民创业的重要渠道。"产业兴旺、生活富裕"是乡村振兴战略的两大要求。在乡村振兴背景下,全面推进互联网进村入户,提高农民互联网使用率,有助于发挥互联网服务农民创业的功能。另外,应继续优化农民创业环境,不断释放农民创业潜力,加速乡村振兴战略目标的实现。

Research on the Influence of Internet Usage on Farmers' Entrepreneurship and its Mechanism under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Rural revitalization strategy is the general instructor of the affair of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era, and the Internet is the important factor that can help to achieve the goals of rural revitalization strategy. Farmers' entrepreneurship is an effective way to realize the prosperity of rural industries and life, as well as the joint development of urban and rural areas. Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies of 2016, this paper examines the impact of Internet usage on farmers' entrepreneurship. It also adopts substitute variable method for robustness test, adopts instrumental variable method and propensity score matching method to deal with endogenous problems, as well as investigates channels that Internet usage affects farmers' entrepreneurship. This paper aims at giving full play to the role of the Internet in promoting farmers' entrepreneurship and increasing their income under the background of rural revitalization, as well as helping to realize the goals of rural revitalization strategy. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between Internet usage and farmers' entrepreneurship. When other variables are not controlled, Internet usage increases the probability of farmers' entrepreneurship by 45.1%. After the successive addition of individual, family and social variables, Internet usage increases the probability of farmers' entrepreneurship by 37.3%, 37.8% and 37.9% respectively. Control variables that are closely related to rural revitalization strategy, such as government subsidies, the social medical insurance and infrastructure, are all significantly positively correlated with farmers' entrepreneurship. Besides, the rural revitalization strategy encourages farmers' entrepreneurship and promotes informatization construction in rural areas. That is to say, rural revitalization strategy is helpful to give full play to the role of Internet usage in promoting farmers' entrepreneurship. Farmers with different gender, age and education level have different entrepreneurial preferences. Heterogeneity analysis shows that Internet usage plays a greater role in promoting entrepreneurship among male farmers, middle-aged farmers and low-educated farmers. After adopting substitute variable method for robustness test, and adopting instrumental variable method as well as propensity score matching method to deal with endogenous problems, the results show that Internet usage still has "entrepreneurship effect". Mechanism analysis shows that information channel effect, social capital effect and risk preference effect are the important channels that Internet usage affects farmers' entrepreneurship. As an important driving force of farmers' innovation and entrepreneurship, the organic combination of the Internet and traditional industry is helpful to cultivate a new economic growth pole in rural areas, and thus contributes to the realization of rural revitalization. Under the background of rural revitalization, introducing the Internet to rural areas as well as rural households and increasing farmers' usage rate of the Internet will help to achieve the Internet's function of serving for farmers' entrepreneurship. In addition, we should continue to optimize the environment for entrepreneurship, constantly release the potential of farmers' entrepreneurship, and accelerate the realization of the goals of rural revitalization strategy.