金融集聚对城乡收入差距的影响

作为现代经济的核心，金融在促进经济发展和调节收入分配方面发挥着重要作用。文章基于城乡二元视角，选取我国2010—2020年的省级面板数据，采用区位熵测算三大金融行业即银行业、证券业和保险业的集聚水平，进而运用空间杜宾模型分析金融集聚对收入差距的影响。研究发现，我国金融集聚水平和城乡收入差距之间存在倒“U”型关系；金融集聚具有较强的空间溢出效应；不同金融行业的集聚水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响存在显著差异，其中银行业的集聚能缩小城乡收入差距，保险业的集聚则扩大了城乡收入差距；不同区域金融集聚的空间溢出效应存在异质性，其中东北地区的溢出效应最为显著。最后，为缩小城乡居民收入差距，文章提出推进金融制度改革、充分利用空间溢出效应打造经济增长极、制定差异化金融政策等建议。

The Impact of Financial Agglomeration on the Urban-rural Income Gap

As the foundation of a modern economy, finance plays an important role in promoting economic development and regulating income distribution. This paper takes the provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2020 and uses location entropy to measure the agglomeration levels of three major financial industries, including banking, insurance and securities, and then uses the spatial Durbin model to analyze the impact of financial agglomeration on income gap based on the urban-rural dual structure perspective. Findings show that (1) there is an inverted U-type relationship between financial agglomeration level and urban-rural income gap in China; (2) The financial agglomeration has strong spatial spillover effect; (3) There are significant differences in the effects of the agglomeration level of different financial industries on the income gap between urban and rural residents, among which the agglomeration of banking industry can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, while the agglomeration of insurance industry widens the income gap between urban and rural areas; (4) There is heterogeneity in the spatial spillover effect of financial agglomeration in different regions, among which the spillover effect is most obvious in northeast China. To narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, the paper proposes to promote the reform of financial system, and make full use of spatial spillover effect to build economic growth poles, and formulate differentiated financial policies.