分手快乐?——离婚对个体幸福感的影响

中国离婚率连年快速攀升引发了广泛关注，但鲜有文献定量评估离婚对个体主观福利的影响。文章首次采用追踪数据（CFPS）定量评估了离婚对个体主观福利的冲击及其动态演变，为理解中国居高不下的离婚率提供了一个新观察视角。控制个体固定效应和时间固定效应后，离婚对个体幸福感产生了显著短暂的负向冲击。按自评收入分为5个阶层，离婚当年人们遭受的幸福感损失，相当于从中等阶层下滑到最低阶层。离婚对幸福感不存在长期影响，离婚者与从未离婚者之间的幸福感落差在离婚3年后即基本消失；是否再婚在其中扮演着重要角色。尽管男女、城乡、不同教育水平、有无子女等不同群组幸福感受离婚影响的程度存在差异，但均呈现出共同动态演变趋势。考虑到离婚个体在离婚前夕的幸福感水平，应该已经低于其他已婚者，那么离婚应该提升了他们的幸福感。离异者幸福感恢复迅速表明在遭受巨大打击后，其心理上表现出惊人的自我修复能力。中国离婚主观成本相对较低，或是离婚率高企的重要原因。应该审慎地看待离婚对幸福感没有长期影响的结论，该结论不应被视为支持乃至鼓励中国居民离婚的经验证据。本研究仅显示：一个离过婚的人，也可以像常人一样幸福快乐。

Happy Breaking up? The Effect of Divorce on Personal Happiness

The roaring in divorce rates has been widespread concern in China, but few literatures have quantitatively assessed the impact of divorce on individual subjective well-being. Using data from China Family Panel Survey, this article quantitatively assess the impact of divorce on individual subjective welfare and its dynamic evolution, providing a new perspective for understanding China's high divorce rate. After controlling individual fixed effects and time fixed effects, divorce has a significant negative impact on individual well-being. According to the self-assessment income, it is divided into five levels. The loss of happiness suffered by individuals in the year of divorce is equivalent to the decline from the middle class to the lowest class. Divorce does not have long-term effects on personal happiness. The happiness gap between divorcees and those who have never divorced disappears after 3 years of divorce; whether remarriage plays an important role in it. Although there are differences in the degree of happiness affecting divorce between men and women, urban and rural areas, different levels of education, and with or without children, there is a common dynamic evolution trend.Considering that the happiness of divorcing individuals should be lower on the eve of divorce than that of other married people, divorce should enhance their happiness. The rapid recovery of the happiness of the divorced person indicates that one's psychological performance shows an amazing self-repair ability after suffering a huge blow. The subjective cost of divorce is relatively low in China, or contributes to the high roaring divorce rate.The conclusion that divorce has no long-term impact on happiness should be considered cautiously. The conclusion should not be regarded as empirical evidence to support or even encourage Chinese residents to divorce. This study only shows that a divorced person can be as happy as other people.