社会创业企业资源拼凑行为的驱动机制研究——基于模糊集的定性比较分析

社会创业日益成为我国创业活动的重要形式,社会创业企业由于兼顾双重使命导致其面临严峻的资源困境。资源拼凑被认为是突破资源困局的有效途径,然而,社会创业企业资源拼凑行为的驱动机制尚不明确。文章构建了先前经验、社会网络、市场导向、创业导向、环境包容性影响社会创业企业资源拼凑行为的理论模型,以国内26家社会创业企业为样本,运用模糊集的定性比较分析方法对理论模型进行实证分析。研究发现不同类型的资源拼凑行为具有不同的前因组态,高先前经验、高社会网络、低市场导向、低创业导向的联动匹配能够激发社会创业企业要素拼凑行为;高先前经验、高社会网络、高市场导向、低环境包容性的联动匹配能够激发社会创业企业市场拼凑行为;高先前经验、高社会网络、低市场导向、高创业导向、低环境包容性的联动匹配能够激发社会创业企业制度拼凑行为。本研究丰富了社会创业领域及资源拼凑理论的研究成果,对我国社会创业企业突破资源困境也具有重要启示。

Study on the Driving Mechanism of Social Ventures' Resource Bricolage: A Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Social entrepreneurship is an important form of entrepreneurial activity in China which could solve social problems and create value by entrepreneurial ways. The fact is that most of social ventures face a severe resource dilemma owing to their dual missions. Therefore, it is urgent to deal with resource scarcity in the context of social entrepreneurship. As a fundamental theoretical breakthrough of entrepreneurship research, resource bricolage which focuses on the use of resources at hand is considered to be an effective way to break through the resource dilemma. However, the driving mechanism of social ventures' resource bricolage behavior is still unclear. What's more, existing research pays more attention to the influence of single or a few factors on the social ventures' resource bricolage, and ignores the interaction effect of multiple factors. Interaction effect of multiple factors to social ventures' resource bricolage is a problem worthy of in-depth discussion and exploration. On the basis of reviewing the classical literature on resource bricolage and the antecedent of resource bricolage systematically, this paper build a theoretical model among prior experience, social network, market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, environmental munificence and social ventures' resources bricolage. Taking 26 social ventures in China as the research object, the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis is used to empirically analyze the theoretical model. The results show that different types of social ventures' resource bricolage behaviors have different antecedent configurations. Firstly, the combination of low market orientation and low entrepreneurial orientation affects the social ventures' physical bricolage actions directly. Rich prior experience can help social entrepreneurs understand customer preferences adequately and social network brings social entrepreneurs heterogeneous resources. Under the circumstance, social entrepreneurs will carry out the physical bricolage behaviors. Secondly, low environmental munificence promotes social ventures to adopt market orientation strategies, and the particularity of market has prompted the generation of market bricolage idea. With the combination of prior experience and social network, social entrepreneurs often turn the idea of market bricolage into practical activities. Thirdly, low environmental munificence, low market orientation and high entrepreneurial orientation promote the generation of institutional bricolage idea. Under the help of prior experience and social network, social entrepreneurs often turn the idea of institutional bricolage into practical activities. As introducing resource bricolage to the context of social entrepreneurship, this paper reveals the interaction effect of multiple factors to social ventures' resource bricolage, which enriches the field of social entrepreneurship. At the same time, this paper contributes to the theory of resource bricolage by exploring the antecedent configurations of resource bricolage based on fsQCA. In addition, we should continue to explore the impact of interaction effect of different types of resource bricolage on enterprise performance, in order to accelerate the development of social entrepreneurship field and resource bricolage theory.