气候变化与黄河中下游地区的早期稻作农业

随着中国全新世大暖期的到来,黄河中下游地区迎来了温暖湿润的气候环境,这为农业生产提供了前所未有的优越条件。虽然黄河中下游地区是以旱作农业为主体的,但在粟作农业发展的同时,稻作农业也在孕育发生。从距今七八千年的裴李岗文化时期直到夏商时代,尽管其间气候状况发生过冷暖波动,稻作的发展也存在有起伏变化,但在整个全新世大暖期,稻作农业基本上都在逶迤发展着。实际上在全新世大暖期存在着一个粟稻混作区,其范围随着气候变化虽在不断波动,但大体位置在黄淮之间。这与黄河中下游地区所处的南北生态过渡带的地理环境密不可分,也是南北文化交流的重要体现。从裴李岗文化时期到夏商时代的早期稻作农业,也经历了一个发生、发展的演变过程,它对黄河流域的古代农业及社会发展产生了深远的影响,也充分显示了气候变化对农业和社会发展的重要影响及作用。

The Climatic Change and the Early Rice Cultivation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

With the arrival of the Holocene warm period,the warm and humid climatic appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,which provided an unprecedented advantage for agricultural production.Although the dry farming was the main agricultural form in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,with the millet agricultural development,the rice farming was also breeding place.From Peiligang culture period seven or eight thousand years ago to the Xia and Shang Dynasty,although,the meantime cli...