国际投资协定透明度要求变化及其启示 ——以美国实践为考察对象

以美国BIT为代表的国际投资协定在透明度条款以及其他条款涉及透明度的规定中通过加强公众参与程度显著提升了透明度要求。这一变化是投资仲裁实践、国内贸易立法以及市民社会诉求合力作用的结果。透明度要求的提高一方面凸显了专业性社会组织对国际投资立法与实践的影响,另一方面则反映了美国借此维护本国利益的实质。对此,中国在对外投资协定的签署与实践中需要审慎对待透明度要求,同时加强本国专业性社会组织的培育和发展。

On Changes of Transparency Requirements in International Investment Treaties and Its Inspirations: A Legal Examination of U.S. Practice

By means of strengthening public participation, the international investment treaty represented by US BIT obviously lifts the level of transparency requirements. This change results from investment arbitration practice, national trade legislation as well as claims of civil society. The stricter transparency requirements not only reflect the impact of specialized social organizations on legislation and enforcement of international investment but also the nature that US protects state interest by this. China needs to treat transparency requirements prudently for signing and enforcing investment treaties with other countries, as well as reinforcing cultivation and development of national specialized social organizations.