传统中国社会财产权利的性质——以清代闵北土地买卖文书为例

文章是对传统中国社会产权制度的定性研究。文章认为，进行定性分析既要避免陷入生搬硬套以西方历史经验为基础的产权理论的窠臼，也要避免盲目强调中国经验的特殊性。必须从特殊经验中去发掘一般性事实的存在。所以文章以清代闽北地区土地买卖文书作为经验材料，反思了学界对于传统社会产权形态研究的现状及其问题，并根据从闽北文书中反映出的一般性事实，认为我国传统社会产权制度是一种“宗法财产权”，即财产权利的界定以身份世系为基础。在宗法财产权的制度安排下：并非个人的财产决定其在社会秩序中的身份，而是其身份决定了个人对于财物的可控制能力。

The Nature of Property Rights in Traditional Chinese Society: Based on the Land Contracts in North Fujian Province in Qing Dynasty

This paper is about the nature of property rights in traditional Chinese society. This paper argues that the theory of property rights based on the western historical experience cannot explain the phenomena of property rights in traditional Chinese society. But that does not mean the Chinese society is special, so we cannot use any western theories. In this paper, the author analyzed the land contracts in north Fujian province in Qing dynasty, and found some general facts that can explain the nature of property rights in traditional Chinese society. That is the Lineage Property Rights. In this particular social arrangement, a person's social status would determine his property rights.