公共服务设施步行可达性对住宅价格的影响——基于累积机会的可达性度量方法

构建节能环保低碳的“绿色交通体系”是目前解决城市交通及其一系列衍生问题的重要举措。“将生活与服务混在一起”对于提升步行效能、促进步行和降低机动交通需求有重要的现实意义。公共服务设施步行可达性，反映居民获取公共服务设施的难易程度，对住宅价格具有资本化效应。文章以厦门岛1840个普通多/高层住宅为样本，通过累积机会法评价教育、商业、医疗和文体4种公共服务设施的步行可达性，并构建特征价格方程来检验公共品在住宅市场的资本化方向与程度。研究发现，教育、医疗和商业3类公共服务设施的规划布局已资本化入住宅价格：教育和商业服务步行可达性对住宅价格有正向影响，而二/三甲医院步行可达性有负向影响；省示范小学步行可达性对房价的正向影响大于重点中学；市区级文化体育中心对房价的影响不显著；此外，建筑面积、小区内部环境、商业中心距离等因素对房价都有显著的影响。特征价格模型也实证估计了各特征变量对住宅价格的影响程度。

The Impact of Walking Accessibility of Public Services on Housing Prices: Based on the Cumulative Opportunities Measure

Establishing an environment-friendly and low-carbon “green transport system” is an important approach to solve the problems of urban transport and a series of its derivatives. Mixing living and urban services together has a great significance to increase the utility of walking, promote walking and reduce the motorized travel demand. The walking accessibility of public services, referring to the ease to reach the public services facilities in the walkable region, affects the housing prices. Based on 1840 housing samples in multi- or high-story residence communities in Xiamen Island, the paper uses the cumulative opportunities method to measure the walking accessibility of public service facilities, and develops hedonic price models to study their effects on housing prices. It finds the following: the externality of three types of public services (education, health care and business services) have been capitalized into housing prices; The walking accessibility of education and health care facilities have a positive effect on house prices while the walking accessibility of class 2A and 3A comprehensive hospitals affects the housing prices negatively; The effect of star primary schools is greater than that of star middle schools; City/district-level cultural and sports center’s walking accessibility does not affect housing prices. The calibrated hedonic price model empirically estimates the impacts of all characteristics.