The impact of unseasonable or extreme weather on traffic activity within Lothian region,Scotland |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy;2. Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy;3. Arianet, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy;5. Statistical Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy;1. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Smart Transport Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;4. Aviation Weather Services Branch, Hong Kong Observatory, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong;1. Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. National MS Center, Vereeckenstraat 44, 1820 Melsbroek, Belgium;3. Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;4. De Mick, Rehabilitation Center, Papestraat 30, 2930 Brasschaat, Belgium;5. Fit Up, Mechelsesteenweg 192A, 2550 Kontich, Belgium;6. MS Society Flanders, Boemerangstraat 4, 3900 Overpelt, Belgium;7. Hasselt University, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;1. Urban Transport Research Center, School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410075 PR China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States;4. Aviation Weather Services Branch, Hong Kong Observatory, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong |
| |
| Abstract: | Little has been reported on the variation in traffic activity with either unseasonable or extreme weather conditions. This paper reports on an investigation into such relationships for the former Lothian Region (now split into four administrative districts), in Scotland.Daily traffic activity together with meteorological data was gathered for the period between 1987 and 1991. This data was used to develop a simple model to predict traffic activity based on yearly, monthly and daily variations. A similar model was developed to predict meteorological variables based on monthly variations. The differences in the observed and predicted values were used in the 50% test to determine whether or not unseasonable weather was linked to changes in traffic activity. The changes in the average weekday traffic activity, although significant, were less than 3% for unseasonable sunshine hours, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall. However at weekends there were reductions of more than 4% in the average traffic activity on both the days with the highest rainfalls and the days with lower than expected minimum temperatures.Similar comparisons were made to determine whether or not there were links between traffic activity and extreme weather conditions. There were similar slight but significant changes in average weekday traffic activity with the extremes of rainfall, sunshine hours, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. However there was an average reduction of 10% in weekday traffic activity when snow was lying. At weekends there was an average reduction of 4% in traffic activity on the days with the highest rainfall and an average reduction of 15% on the days when snow was lying. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
