父代关系与代际收入流动：基于教育和就业的视角

文章运用计量方法分析了父代关系与中国代际收入流动性的关系。我们用2010年中国家庭追踪调查中父代为了子女上学和就业“找关系”来衡量寻租行为，通过工具变量法和分位回归法探讨了父代关系对不同人群的影响。结果显示，为子女就学（就业）找关系对于代际收入流动有一定的促进作用；进一步，分位回归和不同社会区域特征的影响揭示，教育和就业领域的“寻租市场”远远不是完全有效市场，在这一市场中所进行的寻租行为进一步加剧了教育和就业资源在城乡之间、不同收入阶层之间原本就存在的分布不均。教育资源均等化和劳动力市场的进一步市场化对于减少为了子代福利而进行的寻租腐败行为、以及建设机会均等的和谐社会具有重要意义。

Nepotism and Intergenerational Income Mobility in China:A Research in the Field of Education and Labor Market

This paper empirically analyzes the relationship between corruption and intergenerational income mobility in China. Nepotism is measured by individual behavior information from China Family Panel Studies, which ask a father whether he has used his social connections to help his children in getting good educational opportunities or occupational positions. The method of instrumental variable is used to control for endogeneity in parental income and renting behavior. Impacts for different sub-groups are investigated by using quantile regression and cross terms. Results show that these renting behaviors help enhancing the intergenerational income mobility, especially in the field of education. However, advantaged offspring benefits more from nepotism. Educational equalization and labor market marketization is suggested for controlling nepotism and realizing justice in China.