中国农村土地要素市场化改革探源

基于政府与市场关系,运用产权理论与新结构经济学理论,探讨农村土地要素市场化的政策史流变、经济学意涵和制度性创新。研究表明,第一,改革开放以来市场在土地资源配置中的作用经历了由辅助性到基础性再到决定性的历史转变,农村土地要素市场化也经历了改革探索期、改革发展期与改革深化期。第二,土地要素市场化的经济学本质是土地转让权的赋予,赋予农户充分、完整且有保障的土地转让权具有理论必要性和现实必然性。第三,未来的农村土地要素市场化改革,一方面要培育有效市场,以土地产权制度改革为主线,做好产权界定、产权配置和产权保护工作;另一方面要建设有为政府,以土地管理制度改革为依托,做好数量管控、用途管制和市场监管工作。

Study on the Rural Land Factor Marketization Reform in China

Based on the relationship between the government and the market,using the theory of property rights and new structural economics,this study explores the policy history,economic implications and institutional innovation of the marketization of rural land factor.Our results show that:since the reform and opening up,the role of the market in the allocation of land resources has undergone a historical change from auxiliary to basic to decisive.The marketization of rural land factor has also experienced a period of reform exploring,reform developing and reform deepening.The current land factor marketization is essentially the grant of land transfer rights.It is theoretically and practically necessary to give farmers sufficient,complete and guaranteed land transfer rights.As for the future marketization reform of rural land factor,on the one hand,it is necessary to deepen the reform of the rural land property rights system to cultivate an efficient market;on the other hand,we should build an effective government,relying on the reform of land management system,and do a good job in quantity control,utility control and market supervision.