出口对企业绿色技术创新的理论与实证研究

出口对我国经济发展和技术进步具有重要意义，是推动我国企业绿色技术创新的重要因素之一。文章首先从理论上分析出口可以通过“绿色贸易壁垒倒逼效应”“规模经济效应”“出口学习效应”和“竞争效应”对我国企业绿色技术创新活动产生影响。之后使用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国专利数据库的微观企业数据进行实证检验，并进一步考察异质性因素在其中的作用。实证研究结果表明：无论是出口的扩展边际还是集约边际，均可以显著提升企业绿色技术创新水平，并且通过了工具变量的因果识别和稳健性检验。出口对企业绿色技术创新的作用会受到企业和地区异质性因素的影响：高创新策略可以增强出口对企业绿色技术创新的提升作用，融资成本在一定程度上会制约出口对企业绿色技术创新的提升，国有企业的绿色技术创新水平较低，政府补贴可以促进企业的绿色技术创新；在外向型经济发展水平较高和金融生态环境良好的城市，出口可以更好地提升企业的绿色技术创新水平。文章通过构建开放市场条件下的垄断竞争模型，揭示出口对于企业绿色技术创新行为的影响机理，并从微观视角考察出口能否促进企业的绿色技术创新活动，以及异质性因素在这一过程中发挥的作用，以期在当前双碳目...

A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Impact of Export on Firms' Eco-innovation

Export, as a crucial role in economic development and technological progress, is an important driving force for firms'eco-innovation in China. By building a monopolistic competition model in the open economy, this paper theoretically analyzes the impact of export on firms’ eco-innovation through "green trade barrier effect", "scale economy effect", "learning by exporting effect" and "competition effect". Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper uses the firm-level data in Chinese Manufacturing Firms Database and Patents Database during the period of 2000-2013 to conduct empirical analysis and further examine the influence of heterogeneity factors. The results show that both the extensive margin and intensive margin of export play significant roles in promoting eco-innovation, which is robust in the instrumental variable regression and various robustness tests. The effect of export on eco-innovation also depends on firm heterogeneity and region heterogeneity. High-innovation strategy can enhance the effect and financing cost may reduce the effect. State-owned firms have relatively lower level of eco-innovation than non-state-owned firms and government subsidies can promote eco-innovation activities of Chinese firms. Export can better enhance firms' eco-innovation in cities with high level of export-oriented economic development and favorable financial ecological environment. By constructing a monopolistic competition model under the condition of open market, this paper reveals the mechanism of export on firms'eco-innovation behavior and examines whether export can promote firms' eco-innovation activities from a micro perspective as well as the role of heterogeneity factors. In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and high-quality development, this paper put forward policy suggestions from the perspective of better utilizing export to stimulate firms'eco-innovation.