南北经济收敛性与共同富裕

区域经济收敛有利于协调区域发展,从而有助于实现我国共同富裕的奋斗目标。然而我国幅员辽阔,区域经济差距由来已久。当下,从GDP总量的角度来看,我国区域经济格局呈南北经济差距扩大的态势。文章利用我国284个地级市(1) 2000-2019年面板数据,探析了南北经济差距演变情况。首先,基于σ收敛和dagum基尼系数分析了人均实际GDP演变特征;其次,构建β收敛模型分析了南北经济收敛性,并考察了人力资本、物质资本、技术水平、对外开放和财政支出对南北经济收敛的影响;最后,文章从共同富裕的视角,对我国西南、西北和东北地区与其他地区的经济收敛性进行探讨。研究发现:(1)南北区域经济存在显著的俱乐部效应,南方内部经济由收敛演变为不具有显著收敛特征,而北方内部经济差距均呈收敛趋势;(2)适度的人力资本的流动不会导致经济发散,物质资本总体上延缓区域经济收敛速度,财政支出对区域经济收敛的作用有限,而技术水平和对外开放对经济收敛速度的影响不稳定;(3)从实现共同富裕的总体目标来看,西北地区的经济表现与其他地区存在显著差异,东北和西南的小部分区域也需要引起一定的重视。对此文章提出合理化建议,以期更好实现共同富裕目标。

North-south Economy Convergence and Common Prosperity in China

The convergence of regional economy is beneficial to coordinate regional development, which is conducive to the realization of the common prosperity goal in China. However, China has a vast territory with a long-standing regional economic gap. At present, it can be seen from GDP that China shows a trend of widening the economic gap between the North and the South. Based on the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2019, this paper explores the evolution of the north-south economic gap. Firstly, the methods of σ convergence and dagum Gini coefficient are used to analyze the evolution characteristics of per capita real GDP; Secondly, the β convergence model is constructed to examine the north-south economy convergence, and then the effects of human capital, physical capital, technological level, openness degree and fiscal expenditure on the convergence is investigated; Finally, the economy convergence of southwest, northwest, northeast and other regions is discussed. The results show that: (1) There is a significant club convergence effect in the north-south regional economy. The economy of the southern regions changes from convergence to non-significant convergence, while the economy of the northern regions shows a trend of convergence. (2) The moderate flow of human capital doesn’t lead to economic divergence, the physical capital generally slows down the speed of regional economic convergence, the role of fiscal expenditure on regional economic convergence is limited, and the impacts of technological level and openness degree on the speed of economic convergence are unstable. (3) The economic performance of northwest is significantly different from that of other regions, and a small part of northeast and southwest regions also need to be paid attention to. Accordingly, suggestions on how to better achieve the goal of common prosperity are put forward.