旅游业发展对中西部地区劳动力回流意愿的影响

在城镇化和区域协调发展等战略背景下,中西部地区劳动力回流的现象日渐明显。文章以劳动力回流意愿为出发点,通过相关理论和文献剖析了旅游业发展与劳动力回流意愿之间的关系,并基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据与中西部地区城市的宏观数据,实证检验了旅游业发展对外出劳动力回流意愿的影响。研究发现:一方面,家乡旅游业的发展会显著提高劳动力的回流意愿。基于多种稳健性分析,结果依然成立。此外,旅游业发展能够通过提高劳动力的需求水平和城镇化水平间接提高外出劳动力的回流意愿;另一方面,在旅游业发展与回流意愿的关系上,基础交通条件对旅游业发展与回流意愿之间的关系具有积极的调节作用,而空气污染程度对二者之间的关系具有消极的调节作用。最后,通过对户籍和地区异质性的分析,发现农业户籍和西部地区劳动力的回流意愿更加强烈,各个地方应该利用自身独特的条件,发挥优势,因地制宜发展旅游业,吸引劳动力的回流。文章通过对劳动力回流意愿的探究为劳动力回流现象提供了新的解释,为进一步促进劳动者回流,进而促进地区经济和产业的发展提供思路。

The Effect of Development of Tourism on the Return Intention of Labor Workforce in the Central and Western Regions

This paper tries to find an effective way to promote the return of workforce by discussing the relationship between tourism development and return intention of labor workforce. Using the data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and the macro data of cities in central and western China, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between the development of tourism and the return intention of labor workforce. The results show that the development of tourism significantly increased the return intention of migrant labor workforce, and the higher the tourism development level of the destination, the stronger the return intention of migrant workforce. The results of robustness analysis are still robust. As a labor-intensive industry, the development of tourism can provide multiple types of jobs and promote the construction of urbanization. Therefore, the development of tourism can indirectly improve the return intention of migrant labor workforce by increasing the demand of workforce and the level of urbanization. At the same time, in terms of the relationship between tourism development and return intention, the basic transportation conditions on the tourism development is a positive role in adjusting. The more fully and basic traffic condition, the better travel production and the life will be more convenient, and the return intention of labor workforce will be improved. The air pollution level has a negative regulating effect on the relationship between the two. High air quality can not only improve the quality of tourism destination, but also attract workforce. On the contrary, the higher the air pollution level is, the more the workforce will be inhibited to return. Finally, through the analysis of household registration and regional heterogeneity, it is found that the rural household registration and the return of workforce in western China are stronger.Different from most articles that study labor force from the perspective of "crowding out", this paper starts from the perspective of "active return". Taking the development of tourism in the central and western regions as the core variable, this paper studies how to improve the return intention of labor workforce. This paper focuses on the impact of the pull force and discusses the impact of tourism development on the return intention of labor from the macro level. The conclusion suggests that each place should make use of its own unique conditions, give full play to its advantages, develop tourism according to local conditions, and attract the return of workforce.