我国城市生活垃圾管制政策的实践回顾——主题演变和简要评述

通过对二十多年来我国城市生活垃圾管制政策主题的回顾归纳,认为我国垃圾管制政策的演变可分为四个阶段。其主题演变可以归纳为责任的转移过程:一是垃圾末端治理责任从政府向社会转移,二是垃圾整合管理责任从政府向社会转移。今后,政策进一步演变的重心和主旋律将体现在三方面:一是从垃圾末端治理走向垃圾整合管理,二是垃圾管理责任的再明确,三是从命令控制型政策向激励性政策的历史性转变。

Review on the policies for urban living garbage in China

Through the review on policy practices on MSW regulation that have been implemented in China since 1980s,this paper concludes that the evolution of MSW policies can be characterized as the shift of responsibilities:one is responsibility to society from government in waste disposal;the other is shifting responsibility to society from government in reducing,reusing and recycling waste.It is predicted that the stress and direction of evolution of MSW policies can be characterized as following:shifting philosophy from end-of-pipe control to integrated management,further classifying the responsibility of waste management and shifting to incentive regulation policy from command and control policy.