就业流动、市场分割与行业收入差距分析

本文从就业流动视角出发,运用劳动力市场分割理论的分析范式,考察了垄断行业和竞争行业间的收入差距问题。研究发现行业间存在非对称的就业流动,影响国有垄断行业就业流动的因素主要体现为体制性特征,且其与其他行业间的收入差距明显,表明该行业与其他部门存在明显的市场分割特征;而对于非国有垄断行业来说,非经济性因素对其影响非常有限,虽然该行业和竞争行业间仍存在工资差距,但并不足以证明其与竞争行业存在市场分割。竞争行业内部同样存在收入差距,影响国有部门和非国有部门间流动的因素体现出市场性和体制性混合但偏向市场竞争的特征,表明市场化的改革推动了竞争行业走向公平竞争,但是福利待遇等非工资性收入差距仍是改革的难点。

Job Mobility,Labor Market Segmentation and the Industry Income Gap

Using the labor market segmentation theory,this study examines the income difference between the monopolistic industries and the competitive industries from the perspective of job mobility.We observe that there are asymmetric job mobility between these industries,and the factors that influence the job mobility in state-owned monopolistic sector are mainly embodied in institutional features,those who stay at this sector acquire higher premium,which indicate that there have the characteristic of segmentation between this industry and other sectors;as for the non-state owned monopolistic sector,the non-economic factors and the impact of monopoly on job mobility is very limited,and there still exists income gap between the industry and competitive industry,but not enough to prove the existence of market segmentation between this sector and the competitive industries.In the competitive sector,market penetration weakened ownership segmentation to a great extent,it means that the market reform do promote competition industry to fair competition,but the benefits package is still the difficulty of the reform.