影子价格两种定义的统一性及其经济学含义

通过应用库恩-塔克定理,本文论证了线性规划对偶解和一般数学规划的拉格朗日乘子这两种影子价格定义的统一性。由于非线性规划比线性规划更具有普遍性,本文的结论为深入讨论影子价格的经济学意义提供了极大方便。完全竞争是影子价格等于机会成本和市场价格的充分条件。但在不完全竞争条件下,影子价格一般不等于机会成本和市场价格,也不代表资源的最优配置价格,它反映的只是企业的资源利用效率。

Oneness of the Two Definitions of Shadow Price and Its Economic Implication

Through the application of Kuhn-Tucker theorem, the paper proved the oneness of two definitions of shadow price, i.e. the dual solution of a linear program and Lagrange Multipliers of a general mathematical program. Given the universality of non-linear program, this result may thus bring great convenience to further discussion of the economic sense of shadow price. In a perfectly competitive market, the shadow price of resource is also its opportunity and its market price. But if the market is not perfectly competitive, the shadow price of resource, generally speaking, is neither the opportunity cost nor its market resource, nor its optimum allocation price. It only represents the efficiency of an enterprise in the utilization of the resource.