从“首次雇用合同法案”的流产看法国青年就业政策改革的艰难

近年来，法国政府非常关注和推进青年就业政策改革的主要原因是法国失业问题比较严重，青年失业问题更为突出，高福利政策加重企业负担并导致企业不愿雇用青年人。此外，社会保障水平与法国经济发展之间也不协调；法国青年就业政策选择的视角存在一个转变的过程，这就是从最初的努力提供就业机会，改善就业环境，提供公共就业服务以促进青年就业的政策视角，转变为通过给企业提供比较宽松与自由的雇用环境，刺激企业尽可能扩大雇用规模以促进青年就业的政策视角；法国青年就业政策改革所面对的主要阻力是法国社会始终把劳动权视为神圣权利，这不利于法国青年就业政策的改革。完善的劳动法典成为法国劳工维护劳动权的法律武器，也逐渐成为劳工对抗政府就业政策改革的政治工具。特别是近年来，法国社会改革不断引发的罢工与示威运动，也增加青年就业政策改革的困难。

The Difficulties in the Youngster Employment Policy Reform in France from "the First Employment Contract Act's Abortion"

Recently, the main reasons why France government is very concerned about and promotes the youngster employment policy reform are that employment problems in France are very serious, especially the youngster employment problems. High welfare policy sharpens enterprises＇ burden and leads to their unwillingness to employ the youngster. In addition, social security level is not in harmony with France economical development; the choice of viewpoint in the youngster employment policy in France exits a transitional process, that is , from the initial efforts to provide employment chances, improve employment environment, supply public employment service and then to promote policy viewpoint of the youngster employment, which is changed into stimulating enterprises to expand em- ployment scale as much as possible by providing free and loose employment environment to enterprises to enhance policy viewpoint of the youngster employment ; the main barrier which the youngster employment policy reform faces is that France society constantly regards labor right as sacred right, which doesn＇t favor the youngster employment reform. The perfect laws become law weapon which France laborers maintain labor right, and also increasingly become political tool which laborers protest government employment policy reform. Especially in recent years, France society reform always causes strikes and demonstrations, which also increase the difficulties in the youngster employment policy reform.